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producing structure

  • 1 продуктивная структура

    * * *
    producing structure, productive structure

    Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > продуктивная структура

  • 2 продуктивная структура

    1. productive structure
    2. producing structure

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > продуктивная структура

  • 3 продуктивная структура

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > продуктивная структура

  • 4 эхогенная структура

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > эхогенная структура

  • 5 эхопозитивная структура

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > эхопозитивная структура

  • 6 ansiedad

    f.
    1 anxiety.
    con ansiedad anxiously
    2 nervous tension (Psi).
    * * *
    1 anxiety
    2 MEDICINA nervous tension
    \
    con ansiedad anxiously
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=preocupación) anxiety, worry
    2) (Med) anxiety, nervous tension
    * * *
    a) ( preocupación) anxiety
    b) (Med, Psic) anxiety
    * * *
    = anxiety, stress, distress, solicitude.
    Ex. There is a concern that when presented too many information options, the individual begins to avoid being informed, and to relieve the anxiety, makes an uninformed decision.
    Ex. Flexibility of course does not mean that the structure is flexible and will bend or move under stress.
    Ex. The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.
    Ex. There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    ----
    * aliviar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ansiedad causada por la tecnología = technostress.
    * ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.
    * ansiedad provocada por la biblioteca = library anxiety.
    * ansiedad social = social anxiety.
    * aplacar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ataque de ansiedad = panic attack, anxiety attack.
    * calmar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * causar ansiedad = cause + anxiety.
    * con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.
    * contra la ansiedad = anti-anxiety.
    * esperado durante tiempo y con ansiedad = long-and-expectantly-awaited.
    * esperar con ansiedad = hope for, hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * esperar con ansiedad (+ Infinitivo) = look forward to (+ Gerundio).
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * sensación de ansiedad = sinking feeling.
    * sentir ansiedad = feel + anxiety.
    * síndrome de ansiedad = anxiety disorder.
    * trastorno de ansiedad = anxiety disorder, panic disorder.
    * * *
    a) ( preocupación) anxiety
    b) (Med, Psic) anxiety
    * * *
    = anxiety, stress, distress, solicitude.

    Ex: There is a concern that when presented too many information options, the individual begins to avoid being informed, and to relieve the anxiety, makes an uninformed decision.

    Ex: Flexibility of course does not mean that the structure is flexible and will bend or move under stress.
    Ex: The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.
    Ex: There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    * aliviar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ansiedad causada por la tecnología = technostress.
    * ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.
    * ansiedad provocada por la biblioteca = library anxiety.
    * ansiedad social = social anxiety.
    * aplacar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ataque de ansiedad = panic attack, anxiety attack.
    * calmar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * causar ansiedad = cause + anxiety.
    * con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.
    * contra la ansiedad = anti-anxiety.
    * esperado durante tiempo y con ansiedad = long-and-expectantly-awaited.
    * esperar con ansiedad = hope for, hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * esperar con ansiedad (+ Infinitivo) = look forward to (+ Gerundio).
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * sensación de ansiedad = sinking feeling.
    * sentir ansiedad = feel + anxiety.
    * síndrome de ansiedad = anxiety disorder.
    * trastorno de ansiedad = anxiety disorder, panic disorder.

    * * *
    1 (preocupación) anxiety
    esperábamos con ansiedad alguna noticia sobre su paradero we anxiously awaited news of his whereabouts
    2 ( Med, Psic) anxiety
    * * *

     

    ansiedad sustantivo femenino


    b) (Med, Psic) anxiety

    ansiedad sustantivo femenino anxiety: espera con ansiedad noticias de su hijo, she's anxiously awaiting news about her son
    ' ansiedad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    zozobra
    English:
    anxiety
    - beside
    - bated
    - eagerly
    * * *
    1. [inquietud] anxiety;
    esperan los resultados con ansiedad they are anxiously waiting for the results
    2. Psi nervous tension
    * * *
    f anxiety
    * * *
    : anxiety
    * * *
    ansiedad n anxiety [pl. anxieties]

    Spanish-English dictionary > ansiedad

  • 7 error

    m.
    1 mistake, error.
    cometer un error to make a mistake
    estar en un error to be mistaken
    por error by mistake
    salvo error u omisión errors and omissions excepted
    error de bulto huge o big mistake
    error de cálculo miscalculation
    error humano human error
    error judicial miscarriage of justice
    2 delusion, false impression.
    3 lapsus.
    * * *
    1 error, mistake
    \
    caer en un error to make a mistake
    estar en un error to be mistaken
    por error by mistake, in error
    error judicial miscarriage of justice
    * * *
    noun m.
    error, mistake
    * * *
    SM mistake, error más frm

    • caer en un error — to make a mistake

    si piensas que lo hizo por tu bien, estás cayendo en un error — if you think that he did it for your good you're making a mistake

    • cometer un error — to make a mistake

    • estar en un error — to be mistaken, be wrong

    estás en un error si piensas que voy a transigir — you're mistaken o wrong if you think that I'll give in

    • inducir a error — to be misleading

    • por error — by mistake

    error de hecho — factual error, error of fact

    * * *
    masculino mistake

    craso error! — (that was a) big o bad mistake!

    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? — who's going to put him right?

    salvo error u omisión — (fr hecha) errors and omissions excepted

    por error — by mistake, in error (frml)

    * * *
    = error, failure, fault, mistake, pitfall, bug, stumble, delusion, goof, blooper, bobble.
    Ex. Computers are reliable, and less prone to error provided they are instructed or programmed appropriately and correctly.
    Ex. DBMS systems aim to cope with system failure and generate restart procedures.
    Ex. Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.
    Ex. A mistake, say, in trasncribing Fergusson as Ferguson may cause some problems, copying Davinson as Davison will cause even more!.
    Ex. Nevertheless, it is worth drawing a comparison between them so that menu-based information retrieval systems might avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional classification.
    Ex. A bug is an error in a program or an equipment malfunction.
    Ex. His stumbles and missed opportunities were made up for by his signing of the agreement in 1990.
    Ex. The article 'Illusions, delusions, conclusions' reminds searchers that the most important issue when looking at search results is to make sure that all information is reliable and true.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex. Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    ----
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * análisis de errores = error analysis.
    * aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender de errores = learn from + errors.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer errores por despiste = bump into + lampposts.
    * cometer un error = commit + error, make + mistake, make + error, be caught out, slip up.
    * cometer un error garrafal = commit + blunder, make + a bloomer, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * corregir errores = debug.
    * corregir un error = correct + error, amend + mistake, correct + a wrong, correct + Posesivo + mistake.
    * deshacer los errores cometidos = turn + the clock back.
    * detección de errores = error identification.
    * detectar un error = detect + error, spot + mistake, spot + error.
    * eliminar un error = remove + error.
    * error administrativo = clerical mistake, clerical error.
    * error craso = gross mistake, crass mistake, crass error, blunder, monumental mistake, monumental error.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * error de communicación = miscommunication.
    * error de contenido = factual error.
    * error de copia = clerical error, clerical mistake.
    * error de diagnóstico = misdiagnosis [misdiagnoses, -pl.].
    * error de entendimiento = misunderstanding.
    * error de escritura = mistyping.
    * error de estilo = stylistic error.
    * error de juicio = misunderstanding, error of judgement.
    * error de la muestra = sampling error.
    * error de la naturaleza = freak of nature.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * error del original = sic, sic.
    * error de medición = error of measurement.
    * error de muestreo = sampling error.
    * error de percepción = misperception.
    * error de probabilidad = probability of error.
    * error de pronunciación = mispronunciation.
    * error de transposición = transposition error.
    * errores = floundering.
    * error estilístico = stylistic error.
    * error fatal = fatal mistake.
    * error garrafal = blunder, cock-up, crass mistake, crass error, gross mistake, monumental mistake, monumental error, clanger.
    * error gramatical = grammatical error.
    * error humano = human error.
    * error matemático = mathematical mistake, mathematical error.
    * error mecánico = machine error.
    * error mecanográfico = keying error.
    * error óptico = optical error.
    * error ortográfico = misspelling [mis-spelling], orthographic error, spelling mistake, spelling error.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * error tipográfico = typing error, typing mistake, typographical error, typographical mistake, typo.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * gramática con errores = poor grammar.
    * identificación de errores = error identification.
    * lista de errores = error report.
    * lleno de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * margen de error = margin of error.
    * mensaje de error = error message.
    * no tener errores = be error-free.
    * nótese el error = sic.
    * patrón de errores = error pattern.
    * plagado de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * plagar de errores = litter with + failure.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * propenso a errores = error prone, prone to error.
    * rectificar un error = rectify + failure.
    * sin errores = error-free.
    * subsanar un error = extirpate + error.
    * sujeto a errores = prone to error.
    * susceptible de error = susceptible to error, susceptible to mistake.
    * tasa de error = error rate.
    * tener errores = be flawed.
    * tolerancia al error = error tolerance, fault tolerance.
    * tolerante al error = fault tolerant, error tolerant.
    * * *
    masculino mistake

    craso error! — (that was a) big o bad mistake!

    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? — who's going to put him right?

    salvo error u omisión — (fr hecha) errors and omissions excepted

    por error — by mistake, in error (frml)

    * * *
    = error, failure, fault, mistake, pitfall, bug, stumble, delusion, goof, blooper, bobble.

    Ex: Computers are reliable, and less prone to error provided they are instructed or programmed appropriately and correctly.

    Ex: DBMS systems aim to cope with system failure and generate restart procedures.
    Ex: Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.
    Ex: A mistake, say, in trasncribing Fergusson as Ferguson may cause some problems, copying Davinson as Davison will cause even more!.
    Ex: Nevertheless, it is worth drawing a comparison between them so that menu-based information retrieval systems might avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional classification.
    Ex: A bug is an error in a program or an equipment malfunction.
    Ex: His stumbles and missed opportunities were made up for by his signing of the agreement in 1990.
    Ex: The article 'Illusions, delusions, conclusions' reminds searchers that the most important issue when looking at search results is to make sure that all information is reliable and true.
    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex: Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * análisis de errores = error analysis.
    * aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender de errores = learn from + errors.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer errores por despiste = bump into + lampposts.
    * cometer un error = commit + error, make + mistake, make + error, be caught out, slip up.
    * cometer un error garrafal = commit + blunder, make + a bloomer, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * corregir errores = debug.
    * corregir un error = correct + error, amend + mistake, correct + a wrong, correct + Posesivo + mistake.
    * deshacer los errores cometidos = turn + the clock back.
    * detección de errores = error identification.
    * detectar un error = detect + error, spot + mistake, spot + error.
    * eliminar un error = remove + error.
    * error administrativo = clerical mistake, clerical error.
    * error craso = gross mistake, crass mistake, crass error, blunder, monumental mistake, monumental error.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * error de communicación = miscommunication.
    * error de contenido = factual error.
    * error de copia = clerical error, clerical mistake.
    * error de diagnóstico = misdiagnosis [misdiagnoses, -pl.].
    * error de entendimiento = misunderstanding.
    * error de escritura = mistyping.
    * error de estilo = stylistic error.
    * error de juicio = misunderstanding, error of judgement.
    * error de la muestra = sampling error.
    * error de la naturaleza = freak of nature.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * error del original = sic, sic.
    * error de medición = error of measurement.
    * error de muestreo = sampling error.
    * error de percepción = misperception.
    * error de probabilidad = probability of error.
    * error de pronunciación = mispronunciation.
    * error de transposición = transposition error.
    * errores = floundering.
    * error estilístico = stylistic error.
    * error fatal = fatal mistake.
    * error garrafal = blunder, cock-up, crass mistake, crass error, gross mistake, monumental mistake, monumental error, clanger.
    * error gramatical = grammatical error.
    * error humano = human error.
    * error matemático = mathematical mistake, mathematical error.
    * error mecánico = machine error.
    * error mecanográfico = keying error.
    * error óptico = optical error.
    * error ortográfico = misspelling [mis-spelling], orthographic error, spelling mistake, spelling error.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * error tipográfico = typing error, typing mistake, typographical error, typographical mistake, typo.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * gramática con errores = poor grammar.
    * identificación de errores = error identification.
    * lista de errores = error report.
    * lleno de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * margen de error = margin of error.
    * mensaje de error = error message.
    * no tener errores = be error-free.
    * nótese el error = sic.
    * patrón de errores = error pattern.
    * plagado de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * plagar de errores = litter with + failure.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * propenso a errores = error prone, prone to error.
    * rectificar un error = rectify + failure.
    * sin errores = error-free.
    * subsanar un error = extirpate + error.
    * sujeto a errores = prone to error.
    * susceptible de error = susceptible to error, susceptible to mistake.
    * tasa de error = error rate.
    * tener errores = be flawed.
    * tolerancia al error = error tolerance, fault tolerance.
    * tolerante al error = fault tolerant, error tolerant.

    * * *
    mistake
    fue un error decírselo it was a mistake to tell him
    cometió varios errores importantes she made several serious mistakes o errors
    firmé el documento — ¡craso error! I signed the document — (that was a) big o bad mistake!
    estás en un error you're wrong o mistaken
    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? who's going to put him right? o ( BrE) set him straight?
    un grave error de cálculo a serious miscalculation
    un error de ortografía a spelling mistake
    salvo error u omisión ( fr hecha); errors and omissions excepted
    por error by mistake, in error ( frml)
    Compuestos:
    absolute error
    random error
    legal error
    factual error
    misprint, printer's error
    system error
    relative error
    syntax error
    * * *

     

    error sustantivo masculino
    mistake;
    ◊ cometer un error to make a mistake o an error;

    error de ortografía spelling mistake;
    error de cálculo miscalculation;
    error de imprenta misprint, printer's error;
    por error by mistake, in error (frml)
    error sustantivo masculino
    1 error, mistake
    cometimos el error de escucharle, we made the mistake of listening to him
    inducir a error, to lead into error
    2 (de un cálculo) error
    3 (fallo técnico) error: se lo enviamos por error, we sent it to him by mistake
    Impr error de imprenta/ tipográfico, misprint
    En general, mistake se refiere a errores causados por falta de conocimiento, capacidad o comprensión, mientras que error describe más bien errores causados por fallos en la producción o mal comportamiento. A menudo, la diferencia es mínima y se puede usar cualquiera de los dos términos: Cometió un error y fue a la cárcel. He made a mistake and went to prison. El accidente se debió a un error humano. The accident was due to human error.

    ' error' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aberración
    - bestial
    - bestialidad
    - bulto
    - columpiarse
    - cometer
    - confusión
    - desacierto
    - desatino
    - desliz
    - despiste
    - enmendar
    - enorme
    - equivocación
    - equivocarse
    - falla
    - fallo
    - fatal
    - garrafal
    - gazapo
    - guardagujas
    - incidir
    - incorrección
    - incurrir
    - lectura
    - novatada
    - originar
    - patinazo
    - reconocer
    - rectificar
    - reparar
    - responder
    - subsanar
    - tipográfica
    - tipográfico
    - traspié
    - vista
    - yerro
    - caer
    - cálculo
    - calibre
    - caro
    - clásico
    - confesar
    - confundir
    - corriente
    - costoso
    - creces
    - descuido
    - desengañar
    English:
    allow for
    - amend
    - blunder
    - bug
    - commission
    - commit
    - crass
    - deny
    - error
    - expensive
    - fault
    - faux pas
    - goof
    - grievous
    - judgement
    - judgment
    - justice
    - lapse
    - make
    - margin
    - message
    - miscalculation
    - miscarriage
    - misprint
    - mistake
    - prove
    - retrieval
    - right
    - slip
    - spelling error
    - trial
    - wrong
    - admit
    - cost
    - cover
    - delusion
    - detection
    - disabuse
    - flaw
    - fundamental
    - genuine
    - glaring
    - grave
    - misconception
    - mislead
    - pay
    - same
    - spelling
    - spot
    - typing
    * * *
    error nm
    1. [falta, equivocación] mistake, error;
    fue un error invitarla a la fiesta it was a mistake to invite her to the party;
    debe de haber un error there must be a mistake;
    cometer un error to make a mistake;
    estar en un error to be mistaken;
    por error by mistake;
    me enviaron la carta por error they sent me the letter by mistake;
    sacar a alguien del error o [m5] de su error to put sb right;
    salvo error u omisión errors and omissions excepted
    error absoluto absolute error;
    error de bulto huge o big mistake;
    error de cálculo miscalculation;
    error de copia clerical error;
    error no forzado [en tenis] unforced error;
    error humano human error;
    error judicial miscarriage of justice;
    error mecanográfico typing error;
    error de muestreo sampling error;
    error relativo relative error;
    Informát error de sintaxis syntax error; Informát error del sistema system error;
    error típico standard error;
    error tipográfico typo, typographical error;
    error de traducción translation error
    2. Informát [en un programa] bug
    * * *
    m mistake, error;
    por error by mistake;
    caer en un error make a mistake;
    estar en un error be wrong o mistaken
    * * *
    error nm
    equivocación: error, mistake
    * * *
    error n mistake / error

    Spanish-English dictionary > error

  • 8 específico

    adj.
    specific, particular, special.
    * * *
    1 specific
    1 (medicamento) specific; (especialidad) patent medicine
    \
    peso específico specific gravity
    ————————
    1 (medicamento) specific; (especialidad) patent medicine
    * * *
    (f. - específica)
    adj.
    * * *
    1.
    2.
    SM (Med) specific
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) ( preciso) specific
    2) (Farm, Med) specific
    II
    masculino specific
    * * *
    = given, individual, narrow [narrower -comp., narrowest -sup.], niche-specific, one, one-off, specific, single, bounded, determinate, particular, defined, designated, circumscribed, targeted, focused [focussed], narrowly focused.
    Ex. The notation for any given geographical division varies between classes and between different parts of the same classes.
    Ex. The series area includes the series title, an indication of the responsibility for the series (often series editors), and the number of the individual work within the series, if the work is one of a numbered series.
    Ex. The subject areas which such data bases cover may range from relatively narrow subjects, to interdisciplinary areas.
    Ex. The history and analysis of CCML presented here is quite subjective and specific to BRS, but does reflect the issues associated with producing a niche-specific database.
    Ex. Note the different definitions, and the different boundaries for this one subject area.
    Ex. Associated with full-time staffing reductions has been the virtual elimination of part-time teachers and ' one-off' expert lecturers.
    Ex. Various publishers have reputations for specific styles, subject areas or works for specific audiences.
    Ex. In other words, the elements of any single case may point to several concepts; in this sense, the cases are like icebergs -- more is hidden han appears on the surface.
    Ex. This problem arises in real time multimedia applications, which often requires a guaranteed bandwidth and bounded delay to ensure that the quality of service is met = Este problema surge en las aplicaciones multimedia en tiempo real, que a menudo necesitan un ancho de banda garantizado y un retraso limitado para asegurar la calidad del servicio.
    Ex. There is no coherent and determinate body of legal doctrine and the categories available for classifying legal problems simply mask the incoherency and indeterminacy of legal doctrine.
    Ex. It is possible to identify an item uniquely within a particular institution or agency by a running accession number.
    Ex. The Pearson correlation coefficient has been calculated to find out the correlation and to test the null hypothesis that there is no correlation among publishing in journals, citing from journals and use of journals by a defined set of researchers.
    Ex. It is tremendously valuable to library staff (particularly in libraries with a designated departmental structure) to maintain close professional ties with local academic departments.
    Ex. Library and Information Plans (LIP) are 5-year management plans for information provision in a circumscribed region.
    Ex. Threats to the integrity of science include interest in paranormal phenomena, sensationalism of science and pressure for targeted research.
    Ex. These include a series of focused workshops and a four day national conference.
    Ex. Some articles cover broad themes while others are more narrowly focused.
    ----
    * área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.
    * area temática específica = narrow subject area.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * centrado en un tema específico = topic-centred.
    * conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.
    * de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.
    * dedicado a una aplicación específica = dedicated.
    * del documento específico = document-related.
    * dirigido a un sector de la población específico = sector-orientated.
    * específico a la biblioteca = library-specific.
    * específico de = peculiar to.
    * específico de la biblioteca = library-specific.
    * específico de la edición = edition-specific.
    * específico de las empresas = company-specific.
    * específico del documento = document-related, document-specific.
    * específico de una agencia = agency-specific.
    * específico de una base de datos = database-specific.
    * específico de una disciplina = discipline-specific.
    * específico de un trabajo concreto = job-specific.
    * específico para cada edición = edition-specific.
    * grupo específico = niche.
    * hecho para una situación específica = niche-specific.
    * índice específico = specific index.
    * información específica = data element.
    * mención específica del formato de música impresa = musical presentation statement.
    * mercado específico = niche market.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * peso específico = specific gravity.
    * público específico = niche audience.
    * término específico = specific term.
    * término específico genérico (NTG) = narrower term generic (NTG).
    * término específico partitivo (NTP) = narrower term partitive (NTP).
    * término más específico = narrower term.
    * tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.
    * valor específico = weighting.
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) ( preciso) specific
    2) (Farm, Med) specific
    II
    masculino specific
    * * *
    = given, individual, narrow [narrower -comp., narrowest -sup.], niche-specific, one, one-off, specific, single, bounded, determinate, particular, defined, designated, circumscribed, targeted, focused [focussed], narrowly focused.

    Ex: The notation for any given geographical division varies between classes and between different parts of the same classes.

    Ex: The series area includes the series title, an indication of the responsibility for the series (often series editors), and the number of the individual work within the series, if the work is one of a numbered series.
    Ex: The subject areas which such data bases cover may range from relatively narrow subjects, to interdisciplinary areas.
    Ex: The history and analysis of CCML presented here is quite subjective and specific to BRS, but does reflect the issues associated with producing a niche-specific database.
    Ex: Note the different definitions, and the different boundaries for this one subject area.
    Ex: Associated with full-time staffing reductions has been the virtual elimination of part-time teachers and ' one-off' expert lecturers.
    Ex: Various publishers have reputations for specific styles, subject areas or works for specific audiences.
    Ex: In other words, the elements of any single case may point to several concepts; in this sense, the cases are like icebergs -- more is hidden han appears on the surface.
    Ex: This problem arises in real time multimedia applications, which often requires a guaranteed bandwidth and bounded delay to ensure that the quality of service is met = Este problema surge en las aplicaciones multimedia en tiempo real, que a menudo necesitan un ancho de banda garantizado y un retraso limitado para asegurar la calidad del servicio.
    Ex: There is no coherent and determinate body of legal doctrine and the categories available for classifying legal problems simply mask the incoherency and indeterminacy of legal doctrine.
    Ex: It is possible to identify an item uniquely within a particular institution or agency by a running accession number.
    Ex: The Pearson correlation coefficient has been calculated to find out the correlation and to test the null hypothesis that there is no correlation among publishing in journals, citing from journals and use of journals by a defined set of researchers.
    Ex: It is tremendously valuable to library staff (particularly in libraries with a designated departmental structure) to maintain close professional ties with local academic departments.
    Ex: Library and Information Plans (LIP) are 5-year management plans for information provision in a circumscribed region.
    Ex: Threats to the integrity of science include interest in paranormal phenomena, sensationalism of science and pressure for targeted research.
    Ex: These include a series of focused workshops and a four day national conference.
    Ex: Some articles cover broad themes while others are more narrowly focused.
    * área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.
    * area temática específica = narrow subject area.
    * base de datos dirigida a un mercado específico = niche database.
    * centrado en un tema específico = topic-centred.
    * conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.
    * de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.
    * dedicado a una aplicación específica = dedicated.
    * del documento específico = document-related.
    * dirigido a un sector de la población específico = sector-orientated.
    * específico a la biblioteca = library-specific.
    * específico de = peculiar to.
    * específico de la biblioteca = library-specific.
    * específico de la edición = edition-specific.
    * específico de las empresas = company-specific.
    * específico del documento = document-related, document-specific.
    * específico de una agencia = agency-specific.
    * específico de una base de datos = database-specific.
    * específico de una disciplina = discipline-specific.
    * específico de un trabajo concreto = job-specific.
    * específico para cada edición = edition-specific.
    * grupo específico = niche.
    * hecho para una situación específica = niche-specific.
    * índice específico = specific index.
    * información específica = data element.
    * mención específica del formato de música impresa = musical presentation statement.
    * mercado específico = niche market.
    * para ser específico = to be specific.
    * peso específico = specific gravity.
    * público específico = niche audience.
    * término específico = specific term.
    * término específico genérico (NTG) = narrower term generic (NTG).
    * término específico partitivo (NTP) = narrower term partitive (NTP).
    * término más específico = narrower term.
    * tratamiento específico de la información = specific approach.
    * valor específico = weighting.

    * * *
    A (determinado, preciso) specific peso
    B ( Farm, Med) specific
    specific
    * * *

     

    Del verbo especificar: ( conjugate especificar)

    especifico es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    especificó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    especificar    
    específico
    especificar ( conjugate especificar) verbo transitivo
    to specify
    específico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    specific
    especificar verbo transitivo to specify
    específico,-a
    I adjetivo specific
    II m Med specific (remedy): los médicos de la seguridad social procuran no recetar específicos, doctors in the national health care system avoid prescribing specifics to their patients

    ' específico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    específica
    - peso
    - concreto
    - general
    - helecho
    - particular
    - quinceañero
    English:
    backbencher
    - crime
    - general
    - given
    - in
    - literate
    - particular
    - specific
    - back
    * * *
    específico, -a
    ♦ adj
    specific
    ♦ nm
    [medicamento] specific
    * * *
    adj specific
    * * *
    específico, -ca adj
    : specific
    * * *
    específico adj specific

    Spanish-English dictionary > específico

  • 9 hecho a medida

    (adj.) = customised [customized, -USA], purpose-designed, tailored, tailor-made [tailormade], custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], bespoke, made to measure, fitted, made-to-order
    Ex. Librarians are now asking vendors to provide customized services as well.
    Ex. This is to opt for local cataloguing using either a purpose-designed software package or a standard software package.
    Ex. Tailored formats are provided on the screen for the input and amendment of records.
    Ex. Fourthly, it had an inbuilt classified notational structure which were almost tailor-made for the production of subject catalogues.
    Ex. The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.
    Ex. This library van was custom built for the needs of older people and those with mobility problems, and incorporates a lift, grab rails, and comfortable seating.
    Ex. Because of this absence of standardisation each modern archivist wants an individual custom-designed data base management system.
    Ex. The result is an optimal cluster of relevant data items, custom-tailored for each user's needs.
    Ex. The software package 'MULTITRIEVE 2' was developed as a means of producing bespoke information retrieval systems.
    Ex. The article ' Made to measure' reviews available techniques for users of the Internet to customize their terminal and access mode.
    Ex. Men of the upper classes went to a tailor for individually fitted garments.
    Ex. The Daily Mail reports that made-to-order embryos are being offered, at a cost of about $10000.
    * * *
    (adj.) = customised [customized, -USA], purpose-designed, tailored, tailor-made [tailormade], custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], bespoke, made to measure, fitted, made-to-order

    Ex: Librarians are now asking vendors to provide customized services as well.

    Ex: This is to opt for local cataloguing using either a purpose-designed software package or a standard software package.
    Ex: Tailored formats are provided on the screen for the input and amendment of records.
    Ex: Fourthly, it had an inbuilt classified notational structure which were almost tailor-made for the production of subject catalogues.
    Ex: The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.
    Ex: This library van was custom built for the needs of older people and those with mobility problems, and incorporates a lift, grab rails, and comfortable seating.
    Ex: Because of this absence of standardisation each modern archivist wants an individual custom-designed data base management system.
    Ex: The result is an optimal cluster of relevant data items, custom-tailored for each user's needs.
    Ex: The software package 'MULTITRIEVE 2' was developed as a means of producing bespoke information retrieval systems.
    Ex: The article ' Made to measure' reviews available techniques for users of the Internet to customize their terminal and access mode.
    Ex: Men of the upper classes went to a tailor for individually fitted garments.
    Ex: The Daily Mail reports that made-to-order embryos are being offered, at a cost of about $10000.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hecho a medida

  • 10 hecho por encargo

    = tailor-made [tailormade], bespoke, custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], made-to-order, made to measure
    Ex. Fourthly, it had an inbuilt classified notational structure which were almost tailor-made for the production of subject catalogues.
    Ex. The software package 'MULTITRIEVE 2' was developed as a means of producing bespoke information retrieval systems.
    Ex. The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.
    Ex. This library van was custom built for the needs of older people and those with mobility problems, and incorporates a lift, grab rails, and comfortable seating.
    Ex. Because of this absence of standardisation each modern archivist wants an individual custom-designed data base management system.
    Ex. The result is an optimal cluster of relevant data items, custom-tailored for each user's needs.
    Ex. The Daily Mail reports that made-to-order embryos are being offered, at a cost of about $10000.
    Ex. The article ' Made to measure' reviews available techniques for users of the Internet to customize their terminal and access mode.
    * * *
    = tailor-made [tailormade], bespoke, custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], made-to-order, made to measure

    Ex: Fourthly, it had an inbuilt classified notational structure which were almost tailor-made for the production of subject catalogues.

    Ex: The software package 'MULTITRIEVE 2' was developed as a means of producing bespoke information retrieval systems.
    Ex: The only viable alternatives open to would-be users are to produce or commission the production of custom-made application programs.
    Ex: This library van was custom built for the needs of older people and those with mobility problems, and incorporates a lift, grab rails, and comfortable seating.
    Ex: Because of this absence of standardisation each modern archivist wants an individual custom-designed data base management system.
    Ex: The result is an optimal cluster of relevant data items, custom-tailored for each user's needs.
    Ex: The Daily Mail reports that made-to-order embryos are being offered, at a cost of about $10000.
    Ex: The article ' Made to measure' reviews available techniques for users of the Internet to customize their terminal and access mode.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hecho por encargo

  • 11 metedura de pata

    familiar faux pas, blunder, booboo
    * * *
    femenino (esp Esp fam) blunder, gaffe
    * * *
    (n.) = blunder, boner, goof, blooper, gaff, faux pas, clanger, slip-up
    Ex. There is no better way for reference librarians to see how their efforts are perceived by library users than to see themselves in action -- blunders and all.
    Ex. Inferencing skills can be learned as students clarify contextual meanings of ambiguous statements, mispronunciations, and boners that may be found in newspaper headlines, texts, and conversations.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex. If I had googled him when we were courting, I would not have made the embarrassing gaff of bragging about my publications.
    Ex. The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.
    Ex. Whilst this might work in the short term, this strategy is to be avoided even if the clanger isn't entirely your fault.
    Ex. Minor slip-ups are things like - your fly is undone while giving a presentation, you accidentally let out an audible burp at a work luncheon, wardrobe malfunctions, you pass gas.
    * * *
    femenino (esp Esp fam) blunder, gaffe
    * * *
    (n.) = blunder, boner, goof, blooper, gaff, faux pas, clanger, slip-up

    Ex: There is no better way for reference librarians to see how their efforts are perceived by library users than to see themselves in action -- blunders and all.

    Ex: Inferencing skills can be learned as students clarify contextual meanings of ambiguous statements, mispronunciations, and boners that may be found in newspaper headlines, texts, and conversations.
    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex: If I had googled him when we were courting, I would not have made the embarrassing gaff of bragging about my publications.
    Ex: The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.
    Ex: Whilst this might work in the short term, this strategy is to be avoided even if the clanger isn't entirely your fault.
    Ex: Minor slip-ups are things like - your fly is undone while giving a presentation, you accidentally let out an audible burp at a work luncheon, wardrobe malfunctions, you pass gas.

    * * *
    ( fam)
    blunder, gaffe
    es famoso por sus metedura de patas de metedura de pata he's well-known for putting his foot in it, he's renowned for making blunders o gaffes
    * * *

    Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

    dé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    metedura de pata sustantivo femenino (esp Esp fam) blunder, gaffe
    ' metedura de pata' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    impresionante
    - metedura
    - molesta
    - molesto
    - patinazo
    - resbalón
    - plancha
    English:
    blunder
    - boo-boo
    - boob
    - goof
    - slip-up

    Spanish-English dictionary > metedura de pata

  • 12 pifia

    f.
    1 blunder (informal).
    2 big error, goof, blunder, costly error.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: pifiar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: pifiar.
    * * *
    1 familiar blunder
    \
    hacer una pifia familiar to make a blunder
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Billar) miscue
    2) * (=error) blunder, bloomer *
    3) And, Cono Sur (=burla) mockery; (=chiste) joke

    hacer pifia de — (=burlarse) to mock, poke fun at; (=bromear) to make a joke of, joke about

    4) And, Cono Sur (=rechifla) hiss
    * * *
    1)
    a) (fam) ( error) boo-boo (colloq), boob (colloq)
    b) ( en billar) miscue
    c) (Chi) ( defecto) fault
    2) (Chi, Per) ( del público) booing and hissing
    * * *
    = boner, goof, bobble, clanger, blooper, blunder, slip-up.
    Ex. Inferencing skills can be learned as students clarify contextual meanings of ambiguous statements, mispronunciations, and boners that may be found in newspaper headlines, texts, and conversations.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    Ex. Whilst this might work in the short term, this strategy is to be avoided even if the clanger isn't entirely your fault.
    Ex. Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex. There is no better way for reference librarians to see how their efforts are perceived by library users than to see themselves in action -- blunders and all.
    Ex. Minor slip-ups are things like - your fly is undone while giving a presentation, you accidentally let out an audible burp at a work luncheon, wardrobe malfunctions, you pass gas.
    ----
    * meter una pifia = drop + a bollock, drop + a clanger, make + a blunder, make + a bloomer, blunder.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (fam) ( error) boo-boo (colloq), boob (colloq)
    b) ( en billar) miscue
    c) (Chi) ( defecto) fault
    2) (Chi, Per) ( del público) booing and hissing
    * * *
    = boner, goof, bobble, clanger, blooper, blunder, slip-up.

    Ex: Inferencing skills can be learned as students clarify contextual meanings of ambiguous statements, mispronunciations, and boners that may be found in newspaper headlines, texts, and conversations.

    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    Ex: Whilst this might work in the short term, this strategy is to be avoided even if the clanger isn't entirely your fault.
    Ex: Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex: There is no better way for reference librarians to see how their efforts are perceived by library users than to see themselves in action -- blunders and all.
    Ex: Minor slip-ups are things like - your fly is undone while giving a presentation, you accidentally let out an audible burp at a work luncheon, wardrobe malfunctions, you pass gas.
    * meter una pifia = drop + a bollock, drop + a clanger, make + a blunder, make + a bloomer, blunder.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( fam) (error) boo-boo ( colloq), boob ( colloq), goof ( AmE colloq)
    2 (en billar) miscue
    3 ( Chi) (defecto) fault
    B (Chi, Per) (del público) booing and hissing, catcalls (pl)
    * * *

    Del verbo pifiar: ( conjugate pifiar)

    pifia es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    pifia    
    pifiar
    pifia sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (fam) ( error) boob (colloq)


    c) (Chi) ( defecto) fault

    2 (Chi, Per) ( del público) booing and hissing
    pifiar ( conjugate pifiar) verbo transitivo
    1 (fam) ( fallar) to fluff (colloq);
    ◊ pifiala (fam) to blow it (colloq)

    2 (Chi, Per) [ público] to boo
    pifia f fam blunder
    pifiar verbo transitivo to blow, cock up: ¡ya volvió a pifiarla!, he messed up again
    ' pifia' also found in these entries:
    English:
    cock-up
    * * *
    pifia nf
    1. Fam [error] blunder;
    hacer una pifia to make a blunder
    2. [en billar] miscue
    3. Andes, Arg Fam [abucheo] booing and hissing
    4. Andes, Arg Fam [burla] joke
    * * *
    f
    1 fam ( error) booboo fam
    2 Chi, Pe, Rpl
    defect
    * * *
    pifia nf, fam : goof, blunder

    Spanish-English dictionary > pifia

  • 13 Sullivan, Louis Henry

    [br]
    b. 3 September 1856 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 14 April 1924 Chicago, Illinois, USA
    [br]
    American architect whose work came to be known as the "Chicago School of Architecture" and who created a new style of architecture suited specifically to steel-frame, high-rise structures.
    [br]
    Sullivan, a Bostonian, studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Soon he joined his parents, who had moved to Chicago, and worked for a while in the office of William Le Baron Jenney, the pioneer of steel-frame construction. After spending some time studying at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, in 1875 Sullivan returned to Chicago, where he later met and worked for the Danish architect Dankmar Adler, who was practising there. In 1881 the two architects became partners, and during the succeeding fifteen years they produced their finest work and the buildings for which Sullivan is especially known.
    During the early 1880s in Chicago, load-bearing, metal-framework structures that made lofty skyscrapers possible had been developed (see Jenney and Holabird). Louis H.Sullivan initiated building design to stress and complement the metal structure rather than hide it. Moving onwards from H.H.Richardson's treatment of his Marshall Field Wholesale Store in Chicago, Sullivan took the concept several stages further. His first outstanding work, built with Adler in 1886–9, was the Auditorium Building in Chicago. The exterior, in particular, was derived largely from Richardson's Field Store, and the building—now restored—is of bold but simple design, massively built in granite and stone, its form stressing the structure beneath. The architects' reputation was established with this building.
    The firm of Sullivan \& Adler established itself during the early 1890s, when they built their most famous skyscrapers. Adler was largely responsible for the structure, the acoustics and function, while Sullivan was responsible for the architectural design, concerning himself particularly with the limitation and careful handling of ornament. In 1892 he published his ideas in Ornament in Architecture, where he preached restraint in its quality and disposition. He established himself as a master of design in the building itself, producing a rhythmic simplicity of form, closely related to the structural shape beneath. The two great examples of this successful approach were the Wainwright Building in St Louis, Missouri (1890–1) and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York (1894–5). The Wainwright Building was a ten-storeyed structure built in stone and brick and decorated with terracotta. The vertical line was stressed throughout but especially at the corners, where pilasters were wider. These rose unbroken to an Art Nouveau type of decorative frieze and a deeply projecting cornice above. The thirteen-storeyed Guaranty Building is Sullivan's masterpiece, a simple, bold, finely proportioned and essentially modern structure. The pilaster verticals are even more boldly stressed and decoration is at a minimum. In the twentieth century the almost free-standing supporting pillars on the ground floor have come to be called pilotis. As late as the 1920s, particularly in New York, the architectural style and decoration of skyscrapers remained traditionally eclectic, based chiefly upon Gothic or classical forms; in view of this, Sullivan's Guaranty Building was far ahead of its time.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Article by Louis H.Sullivan. Address delivered to architectural students June 1899, published in Canadian Architecture Vol. 18(7):52–3.
    Further Reading
    Hugh Morrison, 1962, Louis Sullivan: Prophet of Modern Architecture.
    Willard Connely, 1961, Louis Sullivan as He Lived, New York: Horizon Press.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Sullivan, Louis Henry

  • 14 Produktionsausweitung

    Produktionsausweitung f V&M line expansion
    * * *
    f <V&M> line expansion
    * * *
    Produktionsausweitung
    expansion of production;
    • im Inland vorgenommene Produktionsausweitung home-based productive expansion;
    • Produktionsausweitung eines Unternehmens company diversifications;
    • Produktionsbarometer commerce’s (composite) index of indicators;
    • Produktionsbasis manufacturing basis;
    • Produktionsbedingungen manufacturing conditions;
    • Produktionsbeginn start-up of production;
    • Produktionsbeginn sofort aufnehmen to rush into production;
    • Produktionsbegrenzung restriction of output;
    • Produktionsbelebung stimulation of production;
    • Produktionsbeobachtung production monitoring;
    • Produktionsberatung production meeting;
    • Produktionsbereich production diversions;
    • Produktions- und Dienstleistungsbereich products and services domain;
    • Produktionsbericht production report;
    • Produktionsbeschränkung restriction (curtailment) of (limitation upon) production, output restriction;
    • Produktionsbetrieb productive enterprise (establishment), manufacturing plant;
    • billiger Produktionsbetrieb lower-cost manufacturer;
    • Produktionsbilanz production (manufacturing) statement;
    • Produktionsbild production picture;
    • Produktionsbreite product diversification;
    • zu einer wohl gepolsterten Produktionsbreite Zuflucht nehmen to fall back on a broad cushion of diversification;
    • Produktionsdauer production period;
    • Produktionsdifferenzierung diversification of products;
    • Produktionsdispositionen production plan, [production] budget;
    • Produktionsdrosselung reduction (dampening) of output, cut in production, cutback (curtailment) of production, production cut[back];
    • Produktionsdrosselung vornehmen to cut (slash) production;
    • Produktionsdurchlauf production timetable;
    • Produktionsdurchschnitt production average;
    • Produktionseinheit producing (production) unit, unit of output (production);
    • gleichartige Produktionseinheiten equivalent units;
    • Produktionseinrichtungen productive (production) facilities (equipment);
    • Produktionseinschränkung restriction (slashing) of (contraction in) production (output), production cut[back], (Volkswirtschaft) disinvestment (US), diminution of capital goods;
    • künstliche Produktionseinschränkung ca’canny;
    • Produktionseinstellung phase-out, closing down, shake-out, termination of production;
    • neue Produktionseinstellung vornehmen to reschedule production;
    • Produktionselastizität elasticity of production;
    • Produktionsengpass bottleneck in production, production bottleneck;
    • Produktionsentscheidung production decision;
    • Produktionsentscheidung treffen to finalize;
    • Produktionsentwicklung der Industrie development of industrial output;
    • industrielle Produktionserfahrungen industrial (manufacturing) know-how;
    • statistische Produktionserfassung census of production;
    • Produktionsergebnis output, production;
    • erste Produktionsergebnisse initial production;
    • Produktionserhöhung increase in production (output);
    • beschleunigte Produktionserhöhung speed-up of production;
    • Produktionserlaubnis production permit;
    • Produktionserlös factory proceeds;
    • Produktionsetat [production] budget;
    • Produktionsfächer range of production;
    • Produktionsfachmann mechanical production man;
    • Produktionsfähigkeit productive (producing, service) capacity, productive efficiency, capacity to produce;
    • Produktionsfaktoren factors (agents) of production, productive factors, production agents;
    • jederzeit auswechselbare Produktionsfaktoren non-specific factors of productions;
    • nicht auswechselbare (substituierbare) Produktionsfaktoren specific factors of production;
    • Produktionsfehler manufacturing defect;
    • Produktionsfinanzierung production financing;
    • Produktionsfläche factory space;
    • Produktionsflexibilität flexibility in production;
    • Produktionsförderung promotion of production;
    • Produktionsfreigabe engineering release;
    • Produktionsfunktion production function;
    • Produktionsgang production process, flow of production;
    • normaler Produktionsgang regular course of manufacture;
    • Produktionsgebiet production (producing) area, area of production, (Herstellungszweig) product (production) line;
    • verändertes Produktionsgebiet diversification area;
    • unrentable Produktionsgebiete aufgeben to eliminate unprofitable operations;
    • breites Produktionsgefüge diversified structure;
    • Produktionsgeheimnis manufacturing secret;
    • Produktionsgemeinkosten indirect (overhead) cost, factory overheads (burden);
    • Produktionsgemeinschaft collective;
    • Produktionsgenossenschaft productive (production) cooperation, cooperative association for production, producers’ cooperative (society, Br.), productive cooperative society;
    • landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft collective farm, cooperative farming;
    • Produktionsgesellschaft manufacturing company (corporation, US);
    • ziemlich einseitige Produktionsgesellschaft little-diversified company (corporation);
    • Produktionsgewinn manufacturing profit;
    • Produktionsglättung production smoothing;
    • Produktionsgliederung distribution of production;
    • Produktionsgröße level of production;
    • Produktionsgrundlagen productive apparatus (US);
    • Produktionsgutachten production expertise;
    • Produktionsgüte quality of production.

    Business german-english dictionary > Produktionsausweitung

  • 15 Turner, Richard

    [br]
    b. 1798 probably Dublin, Ireland d. 1881
    [br]
    Irish engineer offerrovitreous structures such as glasshouses and roofs of railway terminus buildings. Lime Street Station, Liverpool, erected 1849–50, was a notable example of the latter.
    [br]
    Turner's first glasshouse commission was for the Palm House at the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, begun in 1839; this structure was designed by Charles Lanyon, Turner being responsible for the ironwork construction. The Belfast Palm House was followed in 1843 by the Palm House for the Royal Dublin Society, but the structure for which Turner is best known is the famous Palm House in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew Gardens in London. This was originally designed in 1844 by the architect Decimus Burton, but his concept was rejected and Turner was asked to design a new one. Burton tried again, basing his new design upon that of Turner but also incorporating features that made it more similar to the famous Great Conservatory by Paxton at Chatsworth. Finally, Turner was contracted to build the Palm Stove in collaboration with Burton. Completed in 1848, the Kew Palm House is the finest example of the glasshouses of that era. This remarkable structure is simple but impressive: it is 362 ft (110 m) long and is covered by 45,000 ft2 (4,180 m2) of greenish glass. Inside, in the central taller part, a decorative, cast-iron, spiral staircase gives access to an upper gallery, from where tall plants may be clearly viewed; the roof rises to 62 ft (19 m). The curving, glazed panels, set in ribs of wrought iron, rise from a low masonry wall. The ingenious method of construction of these ribs was patented by Turner in 1846. It consists of wrought-iron tie rods inserted into hollow cast-iron tubes; these can be tightened after the erection of the building is complete, so producing a stable, balanced structure not unlike the concept of a timber-trussed roof. The Palm Stove has only recently undergone extensive adaptation to modern needs.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.Hix, 1974, The Glass House, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, pp. 122–7 (the Palm House at Kew).
    U.Kulturmann, 1979, Architecture and Urbanism, Tokyo, pp. 76–81 (the Palm House at Kew).
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Turner, Richard

  • 16 Language

       Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)
       It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)
       It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)
       Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)
       It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)
       [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]
       Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it
       Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another
       LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)
       We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)
       We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.
       The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)
       9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language
       The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)
       It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)
       In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)
       In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)
       [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)
       he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.
       The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)
       The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.
       But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)
       The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)
        t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)
       A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)
       Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)
       It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)
       First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....
       Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)
       If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)
        23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction
       Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)
       By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)
       Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

  • 17 Wright, Frank Lloyd

    [br]
    b. 8 June 1869 Richland Center, Wisconsin, USA
    d. 9 April 1959 Phoenix, Arizona, USA
    [br]
    American architect who, in an unparalleled career spanning almost seventy years, became the most important figure on the modern architectural scene both in his own country and far further afield.
    [br]
    Wright began his career in 1887 working in the Chicago offices of Adler \& Sullivan. He conceived a great admiration for Sullivan, who was then concentrating upon large commercial projects in modern mode, producing functional yet decorative buildings which took all possible advantage of new structural methods. Wright was responsible for many of the domestic commissions.
    In 1893 Wright left the firm in order to set up practice on his own, thus initiating a career which was to develop into three distinct phases. In the first of these, up until the First World War, he was chiefly designing houses in a concept in which he envisaged "the house as a shelter". These buildings displayed his deeply held opinion that detached houses in country areas should be designed as an integral part of the landscape, a view later to be evidenced strongly in the work of modern Finnish architects. Wright's designs were called "prairie houses" because so many of them were built in the MidWest of America, which Wright described as a "prairie". These were low and spreading, with gently sloping rooflines, very plain and clean lined, built of traditional materials in warm rural colours, blending softly into their settings. Typical was W.W.Willit's house of 1902 in Highland Park, Illinois.
    In the second phase of his career Wright began to build more extensively in modern materials, utilizing advanced means of construction. A notable example was his remarkable Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, carefully designed and built in 1916–22 (now demolished), with special foundations and structure to withstand (successfully) strong earthquake tremors. He also became interested in the possibilities of reinforced concrete; in 1906 he built his church at Oak Park, Illinois, entirely of this material. In the 1920s, in California, he abandoned his use of traditional materials for house building in favour of precast concrete blocks, which were intended to provide an "organic" continuity between structure and decorative surfacing. In his continued exploration of the possibilities of concrete as a building material, he created the dramatic concept of'Falling Water', a house built in 1935–7 at Bear Run in Pennsylvania in which he projected massive reinforced-concrete terraces cantilevered from a cliff over a waterfall in the woodlands. In the later 1930s an extraordinary run of original concepts came from Wright, then nearing 70 years of age, ranging from his own winter residence and studio, Taliesin West in Arizona, to the administration block for Johnson Wax (1936–9) in Racine, Wisconsin, where the main interior ceiling was supported by Minoan-style, inversely tapered concrete columns rising to spreading circular capitals which contained lighting tubes of Pyrex glass.
    Frank Lloyd Wright continued to work until four days before his death at the age of 91. One of his most important and certainly controversial commissions was the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum in New York. This had been proposed in 1943 but was not finally built until 1956–9; in this striking design the museum's exhibition areas are ranged along a gradually mounting spiral ramp lit effectively from above. Controversy stemmed from the unusual and original design of exterior banding and interior descending spiral for wall-display of paintings: some critics strongly approved, while others, equally strongly, did not.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    RIBA Royal Gold Medal 1941.
    Bibliography
    1945, An Autobiography, Faber \& Faber.
    Further Reading
    E.Kaufmann (ed.), 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright: an American Architect, New York: Horizon Press.
    H.Russell Hitchcock, 1973, In the Nature of Materials, New York: Da Capo.
    T.A.Heinz, 1982, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York: St Martin's.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Wright, Frank Lloyd

  • 18 вообще

    •

    The object of this is refining of the grain size, producing a more uniform structure and generally (or in general) improving the mechanical properties.

    •

    Where accuracy is at all important,...

    •

    One of the greatest puzzles in particle physics is explaining nature's need for both muons and electrons in the first place.

    * * *
    Вообще -- generally, in general (в общем случае); altogether (совсем); at all (в вопросительных и отрицательных конструкциях); whatsoever (в отрицательных конструкциях)
     The first question is, of course, whether an inner shroud is beneficial at all. (... полезен ли вообще внутренний кожух)
     In general, kinematic mechanisms produce transformations which are highly nonlinear functions of kinematic displacements.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вообще

  • 19 вообще

    •

    The object of this is refining of the grain size, producing a more uniform structure and generally (or in general) improving the mechanical properties.

    •

    Where accuracy is at all important,...

    •

    One of the greatest puzzles in particle physics is explaining nature's need for both muons and electrons in the first place.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вообще

  • 20 чётко выраженный

    •

    There are several distinct annealing stages.

    •

    Elemental carbon exists in two well-defined crystalline allotropic forms.

    •

    These compounds have clearly (or sharply) defined thermodynamic properties.

    •

    He has observed clear-cut changes of crystal habit.

    •

    The excited state-producing step occurs in a separate, well-defined reaction.

    •

    Well-marked differences have been discovered between...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > чётко выраженный

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